Evaluación del riesgo ergonómico asociado a trastornos músculo esqueléticos de la columna dorso lumbar por sobrecarga postural en los trabajadores de la empresa “Serchem S.A.”, cantón Durán de la provincia del Guayas.

Abstract

Músculoskeletal disorders (MSD) of the lumbar spineoriginate mainly during the workday, including herniated disc, low back pain, scoliosis. The associated ergonomic risk factors are, the manual handling of loads (the excessive weight of the load and the adoption of inadequate postures), the repetitive movements. The aim of the study is to determine the ergonomic risks associated with músculoskeletal disorders of the lumbar spine by postural load, in the workers of the company "SERCHEM S.A.", Canton Durán of the province of Guayas. A study was carried out with a quantitative approach, of descriptive scope, with a non-experimental design of a transactional or transversal type. For the effect, postural test, OWAS method, REBA method was applied. The population was 41 workers, of which 33 workers were taken as a sample according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results regarding the TME of the lumbar spine reflect 64% of lumbalgia, 9% of hyperlordosis, 6% of scoliosis, 3%of herniated disc. According to the OWAS method, 39% represents level of risk 4. According to the REBA method, 68% present immediate action action level. Concluding thus, that it is important to raise awareness of the appropriate position within companies, since TMEs occur due to the lack of knowledge of ergonomic risk factors; both of the workers and of the employers, in order to avoid the progression or appearance of the TME of the lumbar spine by overload posture.