Mortalidad de cáncer de estómago en el Ecuador : diferencias según factores sociales año 2012 - 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Stomach cancer occupies the fifth position among the most frequent cancers in the world, and belongs to the fifteenth place in Ecuador. Although gastric cancer incidence rates have declined in most parts of the world in recent decades, it remains the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death, for both sexes, worldwide. Objective: To know if there are differences in the mortality of Stomach Cancer according to geographic area due to the effect of social variables. This work can be used for the development of guidelines for prevention and early detection of cancer of stomach cancer in Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the mortality database of the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) in Ecuador was analyzed. We identify all deaths reported between 2012-2016. We define Stomach Cancer for patients who have the ICD-10 code for Stomach Cancer (ICD-10: C16, C16.XX). We define as demographic information: age at death, gender, marital status, region, ethnicity. The data also includes information about education: knew how to read or write, level of instruction reached, area of habitual residence and geographical region. Results: A sample of 8067 individuals who met the inclusion criteria during the study period was obtained, indicating that the average age ranges between 62 and 64 years. The mortality rate was 2.5% (8067) in the total population, presenting the highest rate during 2016. Conclusions: A mortality rate of 2.5% was obtained, similar to the literature reports. At the same time, variations were observed between the different variable groups studied; as well as a slight decrease in mortality over time.