Análisis de factores de riesgo como causales de sepsis en neonatos, ingresados en el área de UCIN del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos, desde el 01 de enero hasta 30 de junio del 2018. Estudio de cohorte.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In Ecuador they represent the sixth and fifth positions of the epidemiological data, respectively. Due to being a disease associated with risk factors: 1) neonatal; 2) maternal; and 3) environmental, the study and epidemiological behavior of them is important and relevant. Objective: To demonstrate the degree of influence of the risk factors studied as triggers of neonatal sepsis, by determining the relative risk of each one of them, to check if they are causing it. Materials and Methods: Prospective second-phase cohort study on a sample of 184 neonates in whom each of the risk factors was analyzed, information obtained daily from both the maternal and neonatal clinical histories of the NICU area of the HGNGC, data that subsequently were processed on a previously designed data base to then calculate the RR of each independent variable. Results: The place of birth (RR = 2.50, p <0.05), mechanical ventilation (RR = 2.25, p = 0.03), and parenteral nutrition (RR = 2.37, p <0, 05), were the variables that showed the greatest force of causality with respect to the development of neonatal sepsis. Prolonged labor (RR = 2.05, p <0.05), and Chorioamnionitis (RR = 1.30, p <0.003), were also variables with statistically significant results. Conclusions: Although there were statistically non-significant data in certain variables, the evident progressive tendency of the RR increase (estimated point and maximum) in them, allows us to conclude that the variables with a RR greater than 1 if they are causal of sepsis neonatal A more extensive study is required in both time and population so that said data becomes statistically significant.