Análisis de la política de acceso a la educación superior en el Ecuador desde el enfoque de las capacidades durante el período 2012 – 2016.

Abstract

The objective of this research is to analyze university access conditions during the period from 2012 to 2016 in Ecuador; Well, the situation generalized problems linked to the deep social gaps; the little semantic-theoretical transparency around the concepts of gratuity, opportunity and capabilities; the few policies and public strategies, along with diffusion difficulties on the processes and instances responsible for access. In this way, from a qualitative-quantitative research work, this issue has been addressed throughout the three chapters that make up this thesis. Thus, the first chapter is part of the revision of the socio-historical context that concerns changes in higher education models in Latin America, where the readings of Rama, Larrea & Granados and Ramirez were significant. The study covers the period between 2012 and 2016, during which free-of-charge policies are decreed throughout the Ecuadorian educational system, it is appropriate to analyze equality and opportunities for access to education based on the thinking of Amartya Sen, Urquijo, Cohen and Tamarit. Finally, the last chapter focuses on the analysis of the index of human opportunities through equity indicators that corresponds to the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment, applied during December. The study corpus contains provincial, urban and rural information for the period 2012-2016. For the results to be representative, and therefore have sufficient statistical validity, the expansion factor (fexp) has been used. It should also be noted that in the present research the HOI has been adapted to estimate an opportunity index that measures how equitable access to higher education is in the country and if young people between 18 and 24 years of age, (sample population) access to this opportunity regardless according to the individual circumstances.