Prevalencia de infección de vías respiratorias bajas en niños de 1-5 años en el área de hospitalización pediátrica del Hospital General Guasmo Sur.

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), lower respiratory tract infections are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. And it is estimated that more than a quarter of the deaths of children under the age of five are a consequence of environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in children from 1 to 5 years old in the pediatric hospitalization ward of the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. The proposed study is of the descriptive, quantitative and retrospective type. The total population was 192 children with infections of the lower respiratory tract attended from the period of January to June 2018 in the area of Pediatric Hospitalization of a General Hospital of the city of Guayaquil. Of which 100 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the most predominant age were the younger infants, 46%, corresponding to the 59% male and 41% female sex. Mestizo ethnicity being urban origin among environmental factors 55% is attributed to dust, 25% to smoke being 61% of children allergic. Low respiratory infections were viral type, the most common being bronchiolitis, followed by bronchitis. In conclusion, children under the age of five who are exposed to environmental changes or due to lack of hospital access or inefficient treatments make them more susceptible to contracting lower respiratory tract infections.