Frecuencia de crisis convulsivas posterior a una lesión cerebral adquirida en el Hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” en mayo del 2012 a mayo del 2017.

Abstract

Seizures are paroxysmal events that are produced by the presence of a synchronous, abnormal and exaggerated activity of neuronal groups, which depending on their location, can present motor, sensory, autonomic and psychic manifestations. Seizures are frequently caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. In this study, the frequency of seizures produced by TBI, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was determined. Objectives: Determine the frequency of seizures after acquired cerebral lesions in patients at the “Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” (HTMC) during the period of May 2012 until May 2017. Methods: An observational, descriptive and prevalence study was conducted. The study involved 812 patients that met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were assigned for the study. The type of acquired cerebral lesion and the frequency of seizures were obtained and diagnosed by the clinical history and the imaging studies, such as CT scan and MRI. Results: The results obtained were out of 812 patients, there were 267 (32.88%) cases of hemorrhagic stroke, 366 (45.07%) patients with ischemic stroke and 179 (22.05%) patients with TBI. The range of age in patients with stroke was 68 to 77 years and in patients with TBI the range was 28 to 77 years of age. The frequency of seizures was 5.32% (n=14) in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, 3.00% (n=11) for ischemic stroke patients and 12.64% (n=26) in TBI patients. According to the time of appearance of the seizures after acquired brain injuries, the immediate seizures represented 8.33% (n = 4), the early seizures were 37.50% (n = 18) and the delayed were 54.17% (n = 26). The average time of evolution in patients with ischemic stroke was 10.1 months, in those with hemorrhagic stroke was 8.6 months and in TBI patients was 11.4 months. Conclusions: The frequency of seizures after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury was 5.91%; related to the time of onset and progression to epilepsy, late seizures were the most frequent.