Prevalencia de leucemia linfoblástica aguda en pacientes entre 18 a 60 años del área de consulta externa en un hospital de especialidad en la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant clonal neoplasia of progenitor B and T cells that causes spinal cord failure and pancytopenia due to the replacement of normal bone marrow cells with tumor cells; Without treatment, the disease is rapidly fatal, with death usually related to infection or hemorrhage. The objective is to determine the prevalence of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in patients between 18 and 60 years of age in the Outpatient Department at a Specialty Hospital in the city of Guayaquil from January to December 2018. Type of descriptive study, method: quantitative time: prospective and for data collection, a matrix of indirect observation is applied. The population consisted of 188 patients aged 18 to 60 years with a diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Result: it was evidenced that 44% had an age of 46 to 55 years, 57% men, of single marital status (46%), secondary education level (40%), white race (36%), of urban area (80%), among the factors the alcohol consumption stands out (35%), as symptom 16% presents fever and vomit (15%), as signs 30% present petechiae, 33% receive radiotherapy, 54% have abandoned at some point the treatment and 69% ha relapsed. Concluding that there are certain characteristics presented by patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, which must be taken into account in order to carry out a timely intervention and prevent any risk to their health from these patients.