Prevalencia de defectos del esmalte en pacientes pediátricos bajo tratamiento oncológico, SOLCA, Guayaquil 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Dental enamel is a mineralized tissue, particularly in its development, structure and chemical nature. This is not remodeled and can be altered by factors that affect before, during and after the eruption of the tooth in children during cancer treatment. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of the most frequent enamel defects in pediatric patients under SOLCA 2019 cancer treatment. Materials and methods: This study corresponded to a cross-sectional observational clinical research with a descriptive and analytical design. The sample consisted of 80 pediatric patients between the ages of 5 and 15 under cancer treatment evaluated under a descriptive statistical test. Results In this study we obtained a sample of 80 patients under cancer treatment, 70% male and 30% female, with a range of ages between 5 to 9 years and 10 to 15 years. Among the enamel defects that occurred most frequently were diffuse opacities in 46% of patients, followed by 38% of patients who presented hypoplasia and 26% demarcated opacities. Discussion: In a study by Carrillo C (2010) mentions that the age with the highest frequency of demarcated, diffuse opacities and hypoplasia is 5 years, in our study 55% of patients who presented enamel defects belong to the age group of 5-9 years Conclusion: Antineoplastic therapy promotes dental anomalies such as opacities and hypoplasias, with diffuse opacities being the most prevalent. As for the therapy received and the enamel defects, we find that there is a relationship between them.