Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con discapacidad intelectual que asisten a la Fundación de FASINARM

Abstract

In this thesis, the characteristics of patients with intellectual disability in relation to periodontal disease and its determining factors are addressed. Scientific literature shows that individuals with intellectual disability possess high prevalence in dental cavities, periodontal disease, toothloss, poor oral hygiene and sometimes do not have family support or caregivers to improve their oral health and implement preventive treatments and rehabilitation. This population group is considered vulnerable and needs comprehensive dental care. Objective: To carry out a study that determines the periodontal health status in patients with intellectual disability in FASINARM and to be able to develop methods of prevention and treatment of oral hygiene focused on the disabled population to aid the control of plaque and prevent the most prevalent oral diseases. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in FASINARM with a universe of 65 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A clinical analysis was performed on each patient to determine if he/she had periodontal disease or not. Results When it came to periodontal disease, gingivitis scored a percentage of 50.77% of which 30.77% was male and 20% female. On the other hand, periodontitis scored a percentage of 33.85% being 21.54% male and 12.31% female. Conclusion: Periodontal disease was prevalent throughout the sample studied due to several factors such as improper tooth brushing (motor skills), medication intake, in this case anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine and Phenytoin), restricted or improper diets and lack of visits to the dentist.