Evaluación biomecánica de la marcha en la fase de apoyo en pacientes con gonartrosis.

Abstract

Gonarthrosis is a degenerative and progressive disease caused by cartilage wear that is related to the aging process. The most common clinical manifestations are inflammation, functional limitation, in more advanced stages there are genuine varus or valgus and loss of joint ranges, whereby the gait pattern can be altered. The purpose of this work is to determine the biomechanical alterations of gait in the support phase in patients with gonarthrosis. The methodology has a descriptive scope, quantitative approach and cross-sectional design since we described important characteristics of the pathology and the patients were evaluated at a single time, with sample of 100 patients between the ages of 60 to 90 years of age. Obtaining as a result in the static evaluation, the heel varo in 96%, scoliosis in 91%, genu valgum in 88%, genu flexum in 62% and 54% presented hyperchondosis. In the dynamic evaluation the most affected joint was the ankle, which decreases its articular range by 23 degrees in the initial contact subphase. Gonarthrosis is a trigger for the presence of gait disturbances, however, there are other factors that together with this pathology cause the gait to slow down and progressively lose its functionality. It is necessary to design a practical guide to therapeutic exercises that help prevent postural deterioration and re-educate walking, it is recommended to perform the exercises at least 2 to 3 times per week.