Morbilidad y mortalidad en recién nacidos con peso menor a 2500g en el Hospital IESS Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Newborns with low birth weight are a worldwide problem, their incidence varies greatly between countries, they have a high morbidity at birth and their consequent mortality. It is important to have a current epidemiology in order to evaluate the protocols and treatments Objective: Determine the mortality and morbidity in newborns with low birth weight, with their respective associations and their risk factors, at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in 2019. Methodology: The present study has a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and analytical design. The data was extracted from the medical records in the AS400 clinical system of the Hospital de Especialidades IESS Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, period January 2019 to December 2019. The database and analysis were performed in the SPSS v25.0 program. Results: The average weight is 1748gr with 32.5 weeks of gestation. The main risk factors for a decrease in birth weight were: HELLP syndrome (t: 3.74; p = <0.00), preeclampsia (t: 3.2; p = <0.00), premature detachment of membranes (t: 2.87; p = 0.018) and oligohydramnios (t: 2.68; p = <0.00). Low birth weight was associated with the following morbidities: Sepsis (t: 10.05; p = <0.00), type II respiratory distress (t: 10.05; p = <0.00), anemia of prematurity (t: 7.88; p = <0.00) and bleeding (t: 5.45; p = <0.00). The main associations to mortality were: bleeding (U: 1584; p = <0.00), having entered the NICU (U: 1507; p = <0.00), neonatal sepsis (U: 1573; p = <0.00) and distress. pulmonary (U: 1666; p = 0.019). Mortality and weight (t: -11.23; p = <0.00) and their classification (chi2 = 64.2, p = <0.00) were related. The mortality rate for newborns with LBW was 10.6%, in newborns with LBWB 30%, and in newborns with LBWB 54.1%. Conclusions: Low birth weight continues with a high mortality rate and mortality is much higher as weight decreases. The main treatable risk factors for low birth weight were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, treatable causes that should not affect mortality. The main morbidities with weight were sepsis and respiratory distress, which directly influence the mortality rate. The main associations with mortality were in those who developed hemorrhages and those who were admitted to the NICU.