Relación entre la microcefalia y las infecciones congénitas en pacientes menores de 3 años de edad en el Hospital Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante desde 2017 hasta 2019.

Abstract

Background: Microcephaly has become a major issue since the outbreaks of Zika virus infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of congenital infections in patients under 3 years of age with microcephaly at the Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Materials and methods: The research carried out is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. The initial search yielded a population of 192 patients, of whom were reduced to a sample of 93 after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 35 (37.6%) patients with mild microcephaly were observed, while 58 (62.4%) were severe. The infectious etiologies were Zika (22.5%), toxoplasmosis (17.2%), cytomegalovirus (9.7%) and rubella (1.1%) and the non-infectious causes were 49.5%. The complications were psychomotor disorders (25.1%), seizures (23.5%), ophthalmic disorders (17.6%), hearing disorders (14.1), infantile cerebral palsy (11.4%) and West syndrome (8.2%). The tomographic findings were ventricular dilatation (35%), cerebral calcifications (30%), cortical atrophy (22%) and other findings (13%). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital infections is 50.5%. The most common infectious cause of microcephaly is Zika. Serology showed high sensitivity and specificity. The most common complications of microcephaly are psychomotor disorders and seizures. The most commonly observed tomographic finding is ventricular dilation.