Prevalencia de enfermedades desmielinizantes del sistema nervioso en pacientes con VIH/SIDA en el periodo 2017 - 2020.

Abstract

Alterations of myelin are observed in numerous pathological processes, including infectious ones, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by an opportunistic virus called JC that affects oligodendroglia in patients with AIDS. In this case, the death of the oligodendrocytes leads to diffuse demyelination and neurological impairment. Objective: To determine the prevalence and diagnostic stratification, by sex and age of demyelinating diseases of the nervous system in patients with HIV / AIDS at the Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña. Methodology: Quantitative approach, descriptive scope, non-experimental cross-sectional design, the sample is 38 patients with demyelinating diseases described and analyzed between the years 2017-2020. Results: There is a higher percentage in the male gender, the greatest impact of the HIV virus is between 27 and 48 years. The prevalence of demyelinating diseases is significant in patients with HIV / AIDS, of variable etiologies caused by different microorganisms, finding 61% of patients with PML, followed by those caused by tuberculosis with 16%. The final viral load presented: 71% low and 29% undetectable; the final CD4 count obtained: 55% <200 / mm3, 24% 200–499 / mm3, and 21%> 500 / mm3. From 2017 to 2020 there was a mortality incidence of 13%. Conclusions: Monitoring in 6 months of HAART treatment determined: 100% decrease in viral load, 21% increase in CD4.