Epidemiología de la Fisura Labio Palatina, diagnóstico y tratamiento integral. Artículo de Revisión.

Abstract

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate FLP, the most common congenital craniofacial malformation of the head and neck. Due to the absence of fusion of the maxillary, palatal and nasomedial processes of the embryo; classified as cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate. Of multifactorial etiology and multidisciplinary treatment. Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of cleft lip and palate, diagnosis and integral treatment. Materials and Methods: using meta-search engines: Pubmed, Web of sciences, Google Scholar, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane Library, a Systematic Review was carried out with a quali-quantitative approach, retrospective documentary type; descriptive, analytical design; deductive method; of 1014 articles, 67 related articles were studied by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis and Discussion of Results: Prevalence rate in Ecuador 14.96:10000. Lip fissure: scar, unilateral, bilateral, complete and incomplete; cleft palate at premaxilla/palate level unilateral or bilateral, hard palate, soft palate, submucosa, bifid uvula and syndromic. Multifactorial, genetic and environmental etiology. Coordinated multidisciplinary treatment in medical and dental areas. Millard technique in lip surgery and Von Langembeck technique in palate surgery. Technological innovations such as combination of autologous bone marrow stem cells with platelet-rich fibrin and nanohydroxyapatite, fractional treatment with CO2 laser. Conclusion: High epidemiological rate in Ecuador. Clefts can be labial and/or palatal, of multifactorial asindromic or syndromic etiology, require coordinated multidisciplinary treatment up to 18 years of age, advanced research in bone regeneration processes.