Prevalencia de infecciones bacterianas en pacientes cirróticos del Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el periodo enero 2018 – diciembre 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial infections are a common problem in cirrhotic patients due to the underlying immunological alteration. This increases susceptibility to infections, with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections being the most frequent. They are decisive in the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Material and Methods: Descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study that included cirrhotic patients with a diagnosis of bacterial infection hospitalized at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Results: 126 cirrhotic patients were included, of which 41 (33%) presented bacterial infection. The mean age of these patients was 58 ± 10 years, with women (53%), decompensated patients (73%) and those with Child Pugh Turcotte B (56%) being the most affected. Community-acquired infections were more prevalent (63%) than nosocomial (37%). The most common type of bacterial infection was UTI (39%), followed by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (27%), pneumonia (22%), and lastly soft tissue infections (12%). Bacterial infections were significantly more prevalent in cirrhotic patients of alcoholic etiology (83%) (p = 0.0133). Of the cirrhotic patients with bacterial infection, 29% had a hospital stay> 14 days (p = 0.0034) and a mortality of 22% (p = 0.1343). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections, UTIs being the most frequent type. In addition, bacterial infection was associated with cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology and with a longer hospital stay, but not with mortality.