Hemoglobina glicosilada como indicador de complicaciones al momento del diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes mayores de 45 años en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur del 2018 al 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes Mellitus is a chronic multiorgan metabolic disease characterized mainly by high glucose levels in blood. The lack of early diagnosis leads us to determine the percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a method of diagnosis, assessment and prediction. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a review of the medical records of a population of 3411 patients was performed, from which 100 met the inclusion criteria (over 45 years of age and HbA1c measurement at the time of diagnosis between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019). Patients with a previous diagnosis of this disease and who had been hospitalized and/or treated pharmacologically for it were excluded. Results: Of the total number of patients, 58% were male and 42% female, with a mean HbA1c of 8,35% and 7.71% respectively. Diabetic retinopathy occurred in only 9% of cases, with a mean Hba1c of 9,81%. Average MDRD 5 of 76.36 ml/min/1.73m2 and mean HbA1c higher in patients with glomerular filtration abnormalities (8,19%) compared to those without abnormalities (7,77%). The patients who did not present any type of diabetic neuropathy had a higher mean HbA1c (8,49%) compared to those who did present (7,93%). Severe chronic arterial insufficiency was present in 26% of the cases. Conclusions: The main complications at the time of diagnosis were chronic arterial insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency.