Morbi- Mortalidad de enfermedad de membrana hialina asociado a la eficacia del manejo inicial con presión positiva en la vía aérea (CPAP) en recién nacidos prematuros en el Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos desde enero a diciembre del 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyaline membrane disease or infant respiratory distress syndrome is one of the pathologies that occurs most frequently in premature newborns (PNR), especially between 26-28 weeks of gestational age, weighing between 501 and 2500 g. Its main cause is pulmonary surfactant deficiency. It is manifested by tachypnea, expiratory grunting, intercostal or subcostal retractions, nasal flaring, and cyanosis. It is a fatal disease, so it requires an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, such as CPAP, which has decreased mortality and complication rates. General Objective: To identify the morbility and mortality of hyaline membrane disease associated with the efficacy of initial management with positive airway pressure (CPAP) in premature newborns at the General Hospital of the North of Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos from January to December of 2019. Methodological design: Prevalence or cross-sectional study (observational, retrospective). Patients from the General Hospital of the North of Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos were included from January to December 2019. Before accepting consent, the medical records were reviewed in the AS400 to collect data according to our variables. Results: Higher incidence in males (66%), with a predominance of 34 (19%), 30 (18%) and 31-33 (17%). Cesarean delivery is more frequent (95%), neonates with a birth weight between 1,500 and 2,500 grams (90%). The percentage of FIO2 required by the neonates was an FIO2 of 35% (52% of patients), accompanied by a 6-day stay in the NICU (11% of patients). The risk of pulmonary complications associated with the use of CPAP occurred in 9% (11 patients) and the most frequent complications were tension pneumothorax (4% of patients) and air block (3% of patients). patients). Conclusions: The use of positive airway pressure decreased the mortality rate by 7% and the percentage of complications by 9%.