Disfunción lingual y su impacto en el desarrollo del complejo dentomaxilofacial. Revisión Sistemática.

Abstract

Problem. The tongue supports the physiological functions of feeding, phonation and chewing. Contributes to oral hygiene and the development of both jaws. Lingual protraction, macroglossia, atypical swallowing and dyslalia are some of the problems associated with lingual dysfunction. Objective. analyze the oral physiological processes where the tongue intervenes determine diagnostic procedures for lingual dysfunction, evaluate risk factors that contribute to its presence and determine its impact on the dentomaxillofacial complex. Materials and Methods. Documentary bibliographic research, retrospective in the search, qualitative, descriptive, analytical, deductive method. Use of P.I.C.O.S analysis to obtain keywords: lingual dysfunction, lingual frenulum, open bite, oral habits, facial types, diagnosis; using the search engines Pubmed, Science Hub, academic Google, Web of Sciences, 96 related articles were found, which by inclusion and exclusion criteria remained in 32 Results. The tongue fulfills the physiological functions of swallowing, chewing, tasting, phonation and formation of the food bolus Diagnosis through clinical and electromyographic examination, allows to observe inappropriate movements of the tongue and its relationship with oral habits, malocclusions, dentoalveolar open bites and dislalias. Tongue dysfunction is related to deforming habits They must be treated from an early age, with myofunctional orthodontic therapy, speech therapy and possible frenectomy. Conclusion. the clinical-functional and electromyographic diagnosis allow a good appreciation of related dysfunctions, which must be treated at an early age.