Manejo odontológico enfocado a la prevención de la osteorradionecrosis en pacientes oncológicos.

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORN) is a late pathology of irradiated bone exposure that does not heal, the primary site may present various clinical symptoms such as localized pain, orocutaneous fistula, bone, maxillary fractures. This search aims to compile the previous aspects of oral care to avoid ORN such as local factors, aspects of therapies before and during radiation and consideration in invasive procedures. Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional analytical descriptive design using metasearch engines such as: Cochrane Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Obtaining a total of 115 articles, that by exclusion and inclusion criteria, 27 articles were used for the analysis. Results: Post-radiation tooth extraction as a result of a careless dental treatment and high radiation volumes, specifically in the posterior sector of the jaw, are likely to cause ORN. Preventive methods at the right time have a low-incidence effect, so it is important to apply them before of radiation therapies. Conclusions: Preventive management of ORN is effective in a multidisciplinary role. Post-surgical extraction is a primary cause, for this reason is recommended to perform an atraumatic surgical technique, where planning must a conservative nature through the use of 0.12% chlorhexidine and 0.5mg fluoride topical administration, as well as pharmacological therapy strategies such as pentoxifylline and tocopherol, for respective invasive therapies a maximum period of 10-14 days prior to radiation.