Prevalencia de preeclampsia en gestantes de 20 - 40 años que acuden a un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by disorders in the physiology of the endothelial cells of the spirillar arteries of the uterus, producing an inadequate invasion of the cytotrophoblast in these arteries; this alters placentation and ischemic syndrome develops in the placental tissue and the compromise of several maternal organs. Objective: to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnant women aged 20-40 years in a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Technique: indirect observation Instrument: Information collection matrix. Population: 200 pregnant women. Results: The prevalence was 79.68%, the prevailing age was 46% of 40 years, 48% are in a common-law relationship, 49% have secondary education, 42% are AfroEcuadorian, the pre-existing disease was obesity with the 48%, 20% arterial hypertension and 30% gestational diabetes, 41% intergenesic period between 1 - 2 years, 44% had multiple pregnancy, 90% presented as a complication premature detachment of normoinserta placenta. Conclusion: It was possible to establish that there is a high prevalence rate of preeclampsia in pregnant women over 40 years of age, as well as the Afro-Ecuadorian race, pre-existing diseases that prevailed were obesity, gestational diabetes and arterial hypertension, intergenesic period was between 1-2 years, the most frequent complication is premature detachment of the normal inserted placenta. These results have a high impact on neonatal maternal morbidity and mortality and could be avoided if pregnant women received timely and effective care during prenatal care.