Prevalencia de causas de traumatismo craneoencefálico en pacientes atendidos en el departamento de emergencia del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante los años 2017-2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an alteration in brain function caused by an external force. The most common cause of TBI are falls and traffic accidents, the latter being the most common in low-income countries. Methodology: A cross-sectional, retrospective, observational and descriptive cohort study was conducted in patients diagnosed with craniocerebral trauma in the emergency department of the hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” from January 2017 to December 2020, with the main objective of determining the most prevalent cause of the etiology of TBI. Results: 324 patients were analyzed in the study, showing that the most common cause of TCE was traffic accidents (46,6%) followed by falls (44,75%). Males were most frequent with 78.09% of cases and the mean age was 40 years. There was an association between the cause of the TBI and the days of hospital stay length, since traffic accidents (8,4), falls from their own height (7,31), and physical assaults (9,7) had a higher length than the average stay (6,91). Another association was between the cause and abnormal tomographic finding (p=0. 035), However, there was no evidence of relationship between cause and, clinical severity (p=0. 183) or patient mortality(p=:0.0392). Conclusion: The most prevalent cause of the etiology of head trauma at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 were traffic accidents.