Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del síndrome de HELLP en pacientes con preeclampsia atendidas en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2015-2020. Guayaquil – Ecuador.

Abstract

Background: The patients who were treated in the Gynecologic and obstetrics area of Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, who presented preeclampsia, also suffer from other associated pathologies, which could cause progression to the HELLP syndrome. Objective: To characterize the factors related to the progression of preeclampsia to HELLP syndrome in patients treated in Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the years 2015 - 2020. Methods: Observational, retrospective, cross sectional, descriptive study which has as base population patients with HELLP syndrome that have been attended in Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from 2015 to 2020. The diagnosis was based on the clinical history from medical system AS400. The evaluated variables were: age, preeclampsia diagnosis, HELLP syndrome diagnosis, maternal age, BMI, prenatal controls, personal and familiar pathological history (hypertensive and endocrinological pathologies) and gynecological history. Results: The evaluation of 161 cases of preeclampsia that were part of the sample of this study is carried out. In terms of maternal age, it was determined that the range between 23 and 31 years contained the majority of cases of patients with preeclampsia. Likewise, a prevalence of 34.8% of cases of HELLP Syndrome was determined among patients with preeclampsia, that is, one in three patients. Among the risk factors evaluated, family pathological history of arterial hypertension and personal pathological history of hypertensive disorders stood out as the most prevalent, with 36.6% and 23.6% of cases, respectively.XII Similarly, overweight and maternal age over 35 years were determined as the main risk factors associated with the development of HELLP syndrome in patients with preeclampsia, being found in 57.1% and 80.4% of the cases that developed this complication. Conclusion: This research work was carried out in order to determine the factors associated with the development of HELLP Syndrome in patients with preeclampsia. It was determined that: maternal age between 23 to 31 years, a high body mass index and family and personal pathological history of hypertensive disorders comprise the main factors present in cases of preeclampsia. The prevalence of HELLP syndrome among patients with preeclampsia is relatively high, compromising a significant number of patients with this pathology. Similarly, overweight and obesity, as well as maternal age over 35 years, correspond to the main risk factors associated with the development of HELLP syndrome in cases of preeclampsia.