Prevalencia de las manifestaciones clínicas tempranas de la sifilis congénita en neonatos durante el período enero 2018 a enero 2020 en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital syphilis comprises a systemic infectious process that has its etiology in the microorganism called Treponema pallidum, in a process in which the newborn is infected through the transplacental route in cases with a mother who has received the diagnosis. of syphilis during pregnancy, frequently having nonspecific clinical manifestations. The present study is carried out with the objective of determining the early clinical manifestations associated with this pathology. Methodology: A retrospective study and descriptive analysis was carried out with a sample of 147 patients diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis at the University Hospital of Guayaquil. Results: The average age was 2.14 weeks, 50.3% of the patients were male, low socioeconomic status was reported in 49% of cases. A number of 4 to 6 prenatal controls was reported in 55.1% of the sample, as well as a lack of maternal treatment in 60.5%. Within the clinical manifestations, hepatomegaly was reported in 61.2%, lymphadenopathy in 51%, dermatological lesions in 85% and nasal discharge in 57.8%. Conclusions: It is concluded that the age of 2 weeks includes the highest prevalence in cases, as well as a male sex. In the maternal factors, it is concluded that a number of 4 to 6 controls and an absence of treatment correspond to the highest prevalence in cases of congenital syphilis. Dermatological lesions and hepatomegaly are the main early clinical manifestations.