Prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas altas en niños menores de 5 años en un Centro de Atención Primaria.

Abstract

Respiratory infections worldwide have a mortality rate of 20% in children under 5 years of age, and kill 2.04 million per year in young children, and this is exacerbated in middle-income countries and those living in rural zones. Objective: To determine the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in a primary care center. Methodology: Level: Descriptive. Method: Quantitative. Design: According to Time: Retrospective. According to the period and sequence of the study: Cross-sectional. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Observation matrix. Population: 471 children. Results: The sex of children with respiratory infections 54% are men, followed by 46% women, aged between 1 to 4 years 64%. Of mestizo ethnicity 93%, of urban residence 89%, being 95% have a low economic level. The clinical manifestations were fever 98.5%, followed by nasal obstruction 57.3%, cough 48.2% and odynophagia 8.3%. In the case of complications during the year 2020, rhino pharyngitis occurred in 73 cases of children (57%), followed by acute tonsillitis in 39 cases (30%), while for the year 2021 acute tonsillitis ranked first with 257 cases (75%) and naso pharyngitis with 41 cases of children (12%). The prescribed treatment was that 98.5% were given antipyretics and antibiotics. Conclusions: The prevalence of upper respiratory infections was 24.79%.