Relación de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes que padecen cáncer de cabeza y cuello : revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Head and neck cancer (HNC) encompasses all “malignat neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT)”, and the most common histological subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cancers that typically affect the oral cavity and oropharynx are the ones that have been most carefully reviewed in relation to periodontal disease. Scientific evidence points to a positive relationship between periodontal disease and the risk of suffering from head and neck cancer. Objetive: To analyze the periodontal health status in patients suffering from head and neck cancer. Methodology: A detailed literature search was carried out in the Pubmed, Scielo, Dialnet, World Wide Science and Cochrane metasearch engines with the keywords; periodontitis and oral cancer, head and neck cancer, periodontal disease, periodontal pocket, radiotherapy and periodontal disease. Results: Among the 30 articles selected for the literature analysis, only 12 case-control and cohort studies were included, in which it was found that periodontal disease showed a significant association between periodontal disease and HNC [OR 3,17, 95% CI, 1.78-5.64]. Conclusión: It is concluded that there ir a positive association between periodontal disease and head and neck cancer. Radiotherapy can aggravate periodontal disease or even increase the risk of osteoradionecrosis or bone healing problems. Tooth los is most commonly caused by cavities.