Complicaciones postquirúrgicas de mastectomía en pacientes con cáncer de mama en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo”, SOLCA – Guayaquil, en el periodo 2020 – 2021.

Abstract

Breast cancer is the malignancy most frequently diagnostiqued in women, represents 25.2% of all cancer diagnoses, the most common type is ductal cancer. The treatment of this cancer depends on several factors such as the stage, type, comorbilities and age of the patient, the surgical treatment, mastectomy being the most effective to combat cancer, but produces complications, it is estimated that 50% of patients undergoing surgical treatment will suffer from some short-term complication. Objective: To determine the frequency of post-surgical complications of mastectomy in patients with breast cancer and to explore possible associated factors in the Solca Hospital in the period from 2020 to 2021. Materials and Methods: for the development of the study, it was based on a descriptive type design, longitudinal, analytical and retrospective. Results: the results showed in a sample of 250 patients, 54% of patients suffering from breast cancer are in the age range of 41 to 60 years, the most type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma with 94%, the surgery that is most performed in patients is the modificated radical mastectomy, the most frequent complication was Lymphedema with a percentage of 67%, equivalent to 168 of 250 patients analyzed together with the most prevalent comorbidity being hypertension with 42% and DM2 with 33%, on mortality 90% of the patients who died were with an undetermined pattern. Conclusion: It was determined that the complications of breast cancer can develop in a multifactorial causes, and that its progress and prognosis are mostly independent of each patient.