Prevalencia de neumonía en preescolares atendidos en un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Pneumonia, an inflammatory lung disease associated with microorganisms in the respiratory airways, constitutes an important public health problem due to its economic costs and its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pneumonia in preschoolers treated at a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, prospective, transversal. Population: 266 children. Results: A prevalence of pneumonia in preschoolers was determined, in the pediatric hospitalization area of 6.84%. The sociodemographic characteristics were 58.27% male and 41.73% female. Age of 4 years 31.58%; 93.23% come from urban residences, which corresponds to 92.86% from the Coast. According to the microorganism isolated, they corresponded to Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by respiratory syncytial virus with 9.77% and influenza with 4.14%. With clinical manifestations 52.26% cyanosis, 51.30% cough and 19.92% dyspnea. The main means of diagnosis is chest X-ray 70.30%; followed by blood analysis 64.29%. With treatment used 66.92% antibiotics and 61.28% antipyretics. Conclusions: Pneumonia in children is a complex clinical entity, therefore it is necessary to carry out information and prevention activities to educate parents about the factors that can affect the presentation of the disease.