Prevalencia de cáncer de endometrio en pacientes mayores de 40 años atendidas en el área de ginecología del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2018-2021.

Abstract

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common diseases in women over 40 years old, and is one of the leading causes of mortality in females. Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths, of which 90% of cases occurred in low- and middle-income countries. With 6,784 cases, endometrial cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women overall. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of endometrial cancer in patients over 40 years old in the Gynecology department of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period 2018-2021. The methodology is descriptive, observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional, involving patients over 40 years old with a diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer (ICD 10 C54.1) treated in the Gynecology department of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (TMCH) during the period 2018 to 2021. The results established a prevalence of endometrial cancer in this study of 18.62%. This was obtained from a sample of 205 patients who met the criteria for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in patients over 40 years old. Additionally, the mean age was 62.92 years. An overweight BMI was predominant in 50.73% of patients, while early menarche was a risk factor in 17.7% of cases. Abnormal bleeding was the most common clinical presentation, occurring in 48.98% of patients. The most representative histological classification was endometrioid adenocarcinoma, accounting for 57.07% of cases, and the most representative histopathological type was type 1, accounting for 44.39% of cases. Stage IA was present in 23.41% of cases. As the patients in this study presented different risk factors related to women's health, the data revealed a high prevalence of factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and endometrial hyperplasia, suggesting the need for regular health exams and controls to prevent serious complications in the future.