Prevalencia de pacientes con Enfermedad Periodontal que padecen de diabetes en la Clínica Odontológica UCSG en el semestre A-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: The correlation of diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is very close since both are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the immune response of individuals by increasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, C-reactive protein, among others, causing systemic complications that aggravate the clinical picture. Objective: Determine the prevalence of patients with periodontal disease suffering from diabetes at the UCSG Dental Clinic in Semester A-2023. Materials and methods: The methodological approach is qualitative-quantitative, cross-sectional with a descriptive and analytical-correlational research design. With a sample of 62 patients, data was collected through a survey in Microsoft Forms with questions related to the variables: age, gender, diabetes, glycemic control, extent and distribution of PD, DM comorbidities. A capillary glucose test was performed with the GlucoQuick G30a device to compare with HbA1c test results. Results: the prevalence of diabetic patients with periodontal disease is 26.2%. Patients with an HbA1c >6.5% are prone to have severe periodontitis and are 40% in Stage II and 40% in Stage III, while in Stage IV only 20%. Patients with capillary glucose between ≥154 mg/dL or ≥183 mg/dL are 37.5% more likely to be in Grade C of PD. Retinopathy is the most prevalent comorbidity at 50%. Conclusions: DM, like PD, are chronic inflammatory diseases. Periodontal therapy reduces HbA1c levels approximately 1%.