Prevalencia de anemia ferropénica en menores de 7 años que asisten a un Hospital Pediátrico de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is a disorder that occurs in children under 7 years of age, which can have consequences for their physical and cognitive development, affecting their quality of life and ability to learn. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in children under 7 years of age in a pediatric hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodological Design: study with a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional approach. Population: 100 children under 7 years of age. Technique: indirect observation. Instrument: indirect observation matrix. Results: Among the characteristics prevails the age under 1 year (57%), male (67%), urban areas (90%), households with a low average economic level (43%), which among the general manifestations they present pallor of the skin and mucous membranes (48%), as a circulatory manifestation they presented tachycardia (59%), sensation of dizziness as a neuromuscular manifestation (45%); dyspnea as a respiratory manifestation (100%) and among other manifestations, he presented hypersensitivity to cold (52%); moderate anemia (57%) prevails among the type of anemia, among the family history of anemia, iron deficiency anemia stands out (59%). The minors were of preterm gestational age (64%), one of whom is administered an iron supplement (92%), who has been prescribed folic acid (88%) and eats spinach (31%) and chicken (36%) as food which provides iron Conclusion: The prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia in children under 7 years of age is 6.69% at the Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil, a figure that represented 100 patients out of a total of 1494 minors treated in the period from 2021 to 2023.