Correlación de los resultados de la escala tomográfica de Lawrence - Marshall con las complicaciones por traumatismo craneoencefálico en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón en el periodo 2018-2019.

Abstract

Traumatic brain injuries constitute a major global health issue, being one of the leading causes of death and disability. A traumatic brain injury is defined as a clinical-surgical condition characterized by various cerebral alterations that occur following a traumatic injury, which is accompanied by lesions affecting either the brain structure itself or its vault. As a result of this impact, several complications can arise that will disrupt the cognitive state, patient functionality, or even lead to death. Method: Observational, retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study in patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI), classified using the Lawrence Marshall tomographic scale at Abel Gilbert Pontón Specialties Hospital during the period 2018 - 2019. Results: The study included 284 patients, with a minimum age of 14 years and a maximum age of 100 years, with a mean age of 45 years. The age group with the highest percentage of traumatic brain injury presentation was young adults at 42.6%. Furthermore, 77.8% of the total patients were male, accounting for 221 patients, while 22.2% were female, totaling 63 patients. The frequency of complications was also analyzed, with 28.9% presenting subdural hemorrhage. The severity of the presented trauma was assessed, revealing that 40.1% of the patients had severe traumatic brain injury. The classification grade using the Lawrence Marshall tomographic scale with the highest frequency percentage was grade 5 at 31.3%, followed by grade 2 at 24.35%. Conclusion: A significant correlation exists between the Lawrence Marshall tomographic scale and the occurrence of complications due to traumatic brain injury, as the most severe complications were categorized with the highest classification grade on this scale. This scale emphasizes considerable structural and functional brain damage.