Epidemiologia de leucemias en pacientes de 1 a 15 años en el hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante, años 2018-2022.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of patients from 1 to 15 years of age with leukemia at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital, during the period 2018-2022. METHODS: It is a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive observational study, with a quantitative design. The method used was the review of the medical records of patients seen during the study period. The population consisted of 438 patients from whom a simple random sample of 206 patients who met the inclusion criteria was selected. To obtain the information, the technique of filling out a data collection form was used. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used through the IBM-SPSS version 23 software, RESULTS: In the 5 years studied, a total of 438 patients with leukemia were presented, with 2021 being the year with the highest incidence with 38.8%. The province with the highest number of cases was Guayas with 71.8%. A predominance of male patients was observed 56.8%, while the majority age group was 6 to 10 years 39.8%. The prevalent symptoms were asthenia 95.6%, loss of appetite 94.2% and musculoskeletal pain 93.7%. The most frequent signs were: pallor 97.5%, hepatomegaly 61.5%, splenomegaly 60.3%, fever 59.1%, and lymphadenopathy 43.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological characteristics of the majority of the patients studied are men of 6 to 10 years of mixed race from the province of Guayas who clinically present with symptoms of asthenia, loss of appetite and musculoskeletal pain and the most frequent signs are paleness, hepatosplenomegaly, fever and lymphadenopathy.