Prevalencia de recambio valvular mecánico en pacientes con estenosis mitral atendidos en el Hospital Alcívar en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2022 a enero 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Mitral stenosis is a frequently late complication of different systemic pathologies, characterized by a structural and functional impairment of the mitral valve apparatus, which triggers an obstruction of blood flow from the atrium to the left ventricle. As part of its alternatives there is valve replacement, which has been reported to have a success rate of over 90% and a recurrence rate of less than 10%. Methodology: Retrospective research work, without intervention and with descriptive and observational analysis. The source of information came from the Statistics Department of the Alcívar Hospital in the city of Guayaquil, where the patients who had been admitted to the hospital system with the Final Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Stenosis and who had undergone valve replacement were located. The sample consisted of 100 patients. Results: Valve replacement was performed in 45% of the patients who were part of the sample. Of these, 64.4% of the cases were male patients and the average age was 65 years. Pre-surgery, 88.9% of the patients were in severe stenosis, while after the intervention, only 2.2% were in the severe range and 57.8% were in the moderate range. 62% of cases did not develop post-surgical complications. Conclusions: The prevalence of intervention for valve replacement in patients with mitral valve stenosis is high, where an age within the range between 52 and 80 years, as well as male sex, constitute the main demographic factors. Intervention for mitral valve replacement constitutes an effective and safe surgery, as it shows a significant improvement in the degree of stenosis of the patients and has a relatively low mortality.