Características clínicas y hematológicas de los pacientes ingresados con leucemia linfoblástica aguda en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert E. desde enero 2015 hasta diciembre 2020.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common oncological disease in pediatrics, hence the importance of this study that described the clinical and hematological characteristics of the first biometry of patients diagnosed with ALL at the Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert E. from January 2015 to December 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive, observational, retrospective cross-sectional study with a population made up of 176 patients aged from 1 month to 17 years 11 months of age. The data were obtained from the medical records and compiled in a form, subsequently a univariate analysis was carried out using measures of central tendency for the quantitative data, and for the qualitative data, percentages and frequencies. RESULTS: Children under 5 years of age represented 38% of the population, constituting the largest age group. The mode age was 4 years 11 months. There was a slight predominance of the male sex (male: female ratio of 1.05:1). The most frequent clinical manifestations were paleness (94.9%), fever (78.4%), lymphadenopathy (74.4%) and hepatosplenomegaly (67%), less common was bone pain. The evolution time between the eventual onset of symptoms was greater than 15 days in 55.7%. The most frequent findings in the initial blood count were: hemoglobin <11g/dl (89.8%), thrombocytopenia (70.5%), leukopenia (22.7%), hyperleukocytosis (14.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the clinical and laboratory data that occur most frequently is essential to be able to promptly identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.