Prevalencia de neumonía adquirida de la comunidad en adultos mayores en el área de consulta externa del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos.

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the main causes of death in the adult population, especially in those with previous medical conditions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults in the outpatient area of the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Methodology: It was descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional. Population: 1,760 elderly patients. Sample: 316 older adults with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: A higher proportion of men (55.7%) aged 65 to 75 years 43.4%. Comorbidities showed a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease 32.2%, followed by COVID-19 with 25.2%, COPD 18.2%, congestive heart failure 14.7%, diabetes mellitus 12.0%, acute respiratory failure 12.8%, arterial hypertension 10.5%, cardiac arrhythmias 1.9% and ischemic heart disease 1.2%. The CURB-65 scale assessment shows a distribution of 75% of patients with a score of 2, suggesting an intermediate risk that generally requires hospital management. On the other hand, the remaining 25% of patients score 3 to 5, indicating a higher risk requiring the need for the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The most common treatments for community-acquired pneumonia include Cephalosporins (5.1%), Cephalosporins combined with Mucolytics (0.6%), and Cephalosporins combined with Quinolones (16.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia is 18.44% during the period 2020 to 2023.