Complicaciones materno-fetales secundarias a preeclampsia en pacientes de 18 a 40 años atendidas en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí del 2022–2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that affects 1- 2% of pregnanciesworldwide, increasing perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. This pathology has complications of preeclampsia include eclampsia, HELLP syndrome andneonatal risksassociated with prematurityandhypoxia. Objective: To determine the maternal-fetal complications secondary to preeclampsia in patients aged 18 to 40 years seen at Mount Sinai General Hospital from 2022 - 2023. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study, in which the information wascollected through the medical records of the pregnant women and the data were analyzed by means of SPSS 26 statistical software, in terms of relative frequency and mean. Results: A total of 135 pregnant women with preeclampsia attended from 2022 to 2023 at the Hospital General Monte Sinai were included. The sociodemographic characteristics showed the frequency of chronic arterial hypertension as a personal history, and the average age at diagnosis was 31 years, with 58.5% presenting preeclampsia between the 27th and 34th week. The 78.5% were multiparous and had an average of 3.17 gestations. The most prevalent maternal complications were eclampsia (21.4%), HELLP syndrome (11.1%) and placental abruption (11.1%) and fetal complications were prematurity in 17% and intrauterine growth retardation in 2.9%. Conclusion: Maternal-fetal complications of preeclampsia have a significant influence on the health of our population, which underlines the importance of prenatal monitoring to improve outcomes and strengthen prevention for pregnant women at high risk of developing this hypertensive disorder.