VIH en mujeres embarazadas y su relación con el bajo peso del neonato; Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, período de 2021 – 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: HIV is a global issue that, when present during pregnancy, is associated with complications for both maternal and neonatal health, such as anemia, abortions, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. The latter is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Methodology: A cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study was conducted at HETMC, reviewing information from HIV-positive pregnant patients from 2021 to 2023. Data regarding pregnancy characteristics, HIV infection, and neonatal outcomes were collected. This information was stored and managed in Microsoft Excel. For relational statistics, SPSS Real Statistics was used with a significance test of <0.05. Results: The majority of women were primarily of mixed race, with a mean age of 31.37 years, overweight, and carrying a single fetus. The most frequent complication was UTI. Most women were diagnosed and started ART before pregnancy, with a higher frequency of viral loads less than a thousand and CD4 counts between 202 to 500 cells per cubic millimeter. Conclusions: The prevalence of pregnant women with HIV at HETMC was found to be low, at 6.30%. Regarding low birth weight, the prevalence was 29.77%, with this variable showing a statistically significant correlation to increased risk with CD4 values less than 200 and the use of abacavir + lamivudine + raltegravir + darunavir + ritonavir, while CD4 values greater than 500 would represent a lower risk for low birth weight.