Cambios en el perfil epidemiológico del paciente con tuberculosis en el distrito 09D08 y 1 institución hospitalaria entre el año 2019 y 2022.

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide among infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the detection and treatment of tuberculosis, with a significant decrease in the notification of cases and an increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis. A retrospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in the pre and post COVID-19 pandemic periods, as well as to establish the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and analyze the frequency of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Data were obtained at the first and second level of care, centered in District 09D08 and the Hospital del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. A total of 734 patients with tuberculosis were examined during 2019-2022. The majority of cases were newly diagnosed (97%). Pulmonary TB was the predominant form (93.3%) and 6.9% had rifampicin resistance. Loss to follow-up was the main cause of treatment discontinuation, especially in the second level of care and in the post-pandemic years. In conclusion, there is an increase in multidrug resistance in the post-pandemic period despite the decrease in the number of cases treated at the first level of care. The lack of determination of resistance in the second level was an important limitation in the statistical analysis. It is noted that rifampicin resistance prevailed over other types of resistance, and an increase is expected in the coming years.