Prevalencia de glaucoma de ángulo abierto en pacientes con diabetes mellitus atendidos en el Hospital IESS Los Ceibos en el periodo 2018-2023.

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) affects over 530 million adults worldwide, with a prevalence of 10.5%, and its relationship with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been a subject of debate. Objective: To determine the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: An observational retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 385 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics program. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed, including Pearson correlations between blood glucose levels and intraocular pressure per eye. Results: The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma was 52.2%, with an average age of 63 years and 50.3% being male. A statistically significant relationship was found between arterial hypertension and the development of glaucoma. The most common ophthalmological symptoms were blurred vision and sudden loss of vision, while alterations in the fundus of the eye included excavation of the optic disc and nasal displacement of the central vessels of the retina. Additionally, a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation was identified between intraocular pressure and blood glucose levels. Conclusion: There is an association between type 2 diabetes (DM2) and POAG. A direct correlation was observed between blood glucose levels and intraocular pressure in both eyes. These findings highlight the importance of ocular monitoring in patients with DM2 to detect and manage the risk of developing ophthalmological complications.