Determinantes biológicos y sociales de la salud como factores de riesgo en mujeres con preeclampsia leve y severa de 15 a 35 años, atendidas en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur del año 2023 a 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a prevalent global health problem with high mortality and morbidity. It is characterized by proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy and damage to multiple systems and organs. Therefore, its early diagnosis and control are opportunities to overcome the social and health challenge it represents in the world. Objective: To categorize the biological and social determinants of health associated with preeclampsia in pregnant women between 15 and 35 years of age, attended at the Hospital General Guasmo Sur in the year 2023 - 2024. Materials and methodology: The present study is an observational, descriptive, retrospective cohort study using a statistical analysis based on the chi-square test and odds ratio for the processing of data from 110 preeclamptic patients attended at the Hospital General Guasmo Sur from 2023-2024. Results: It was determined that 80 women corresponded to mild condition and 30 to severe complications. The de facto union in the state of the patients presented an association 3 times greater in mild conditions. Ethnicity, area, income and occupation did not show significant differences. Likewise, the family pathological history of other diseases such as diabetes and hypertension corresponded to 63.36% of the diagnosed patients. In addition, it is evident that those aged between 15 and 19 years have 2 times higher risk of mild preeclampsia in contrast to the age groups of 20-29 and 30-35 years (OR=2.07). Attendance to prenatal appointments in patients with this condition contributes to the control of the development of the disease (OR=1.643) Conclusion: In summary, the inclusion of biological and social factors in the evaluation criteria leads to the timely diagnosis of the disease and the control of development in pregnant women.