Complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de trauma penetrante abdominal en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón de la ciudad de Guayaquil desde enero 2020- abril 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Trauma consists of a severe injury at the organic level, resulting from an acute exposure of energy in quantities that exceed physiological tolerance. Objectives: Determine the complications of the surgical treatment of abdominal penetrating trauma at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital in the city of Guayaquil from January 2020-April 2023. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, crosssectional and descriptive study was carried out based on the review of histories. clinics in the HOSVITAL hospital system and INTRANET under the international disease code ICD 10 corresponding to S367 Trauma of multiple intra-abdominal organs, S317 multiple injuries of the abdomen, lumbosacral region and pelvis, S368 Trauma of other intra-abdominal organs, S366 Trauma of the rectum and of the abdomen, S318 Wounds of other and unspecified parts of the abdomen, S364 Trauma of the small intestine, S361 Trauma of the liver and gallbladder, S365 Trauma of the colon, 5411 Exploratory laparotomy. Results: We worked with a population of 1554 patients from which a sample of 151 patients was obtained. The most common postsurgical complications were abdominal sepsis (11.9%). The most common transoperative complication was hypotension with 13.2%. The year with the highest prevalence of cases of penetrating abdominal trauma was 2022 (46.4%). The age group with the most post-surgical complications was 25 to 34 years old. The male sex was the most common to have complications (88.15%). The most common surgical procedure was laparotomy (25.4%). The time in which most complications due to penetrating abdominal trauma occurred was 5 days (76.4%). The firearm was the most frequent type of weapon (82.78%), however, there was no significant relationship between the type of weapon and the discharge condition. There was no significant relationship between the severity of the trauma given by the type of organs affected and mortality. Diaphragm injury was the most common in the group of deceased. The most common age group among the deceased was 35 to 44 years (72.36%). The most common length of stay in the ICU was less than 1 month (32.45%), the most common cause of death during said stay was septic shock (86.92%). Conclusions: Penetrating abdominal trauma presents multiple trans- and postsurgical complications in an average period of 5 days.