Trauma ocular en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de emergencia del hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el período enero 2021- enero 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Ocular trauma is characterized by an injury caused by a forceful or penetrating impact on the eye, causing tissue damage and affecting visual function, either temporarily or permanently. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and characterize ocular trauma according to age, gender and type of injury in patients treated in the Emergency Service of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital of the IESS, during the period between January 2021 and January 2023, with the in order to identify patterns and risk groups that allow optimizing prevention and management strategies for these injuries. Materials and methods: it is a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective and analytical study in which data collection will be carried out with a database. Results: the statistical indices of the sample are shown according to age, with the average age being 34.85 years, with a median of 33 years, which indicates a relatively young distribution of individuals affected by ocular trauma. The marked gender disparity observed in our study, with a proportion of 74.1% men versus 25.9% women, is consistent with findings from previous research. The findings of our study, which show a high incidence of superficial trauma of the eyelid and periocular region (42.0%). Our findings suggest a possible association between gender and type of ocular diagnoses, supported by a Pearson chi-square value of 13.660 (p=0.091) and a significant Likelihood Ratio (p=0.025). Conclusion: The data analyzed reflect the prevalence of ocular trauma with a young average age, a high incidence in children, and a significant gender disparity, which underlines the need to consider these variables when developing prevention and treatment policies and programs.