Factores socioeconómicos determinantes de la duración del desempleo de las mujeres Guayaquileñas periodo 2021 2024.

Abstract

The present research work aims to examine the socioeconomic factors that affect the duration of female unemployment in Guayaquil between 2021 and 2024, using the Kaplan-Meier model and combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Variables such as age, educational level and work experience are analyzed to understand their impact on unemployment. This research shows that age, education and marital status are factors that affect female unemployment. It highlights that investment in education and inclusive policies can improve gender equality and decrease the duration of unemployment. The study also reveals that the female unemployment rate in Ecuador continues to be historically higher than the male unemployment rate, increased by the pandemic. The methodology includes a non-experimental design, with primary and secondary data, and the use of multinomial logistic panel data models and survival analysis to analyze the determinants of unemployment. The findings indicate that although women have educational advantages, they face greater employment challenges and tend to move out of unemployment into the informal sector over time. Higher education and the country's economic stability favor formal labor participation, while self-employment is considered a viable option according to the interviews.