Hábitos alimentarios y la composición corporal de los obreros de la urbanización “Vista Pacífico” de la provincia de Santa Elena durante el periodo de junio a agosto del año 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Dietary habits play a crucial role in shaping behaviors such as food choice and preparation. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a balanced diet provides essential nutrients to ensure the proper functioning of the body. Healthy eating in the workplace is vital as it can significantly affect the distribution of body composition in workers. Poor nutrition, lacking essential vitamins and nutrients, can lead to imbalances that may result in future health issues such as overweight, increased muscle mass, or visceral fat due to high consumption of saturated fats and processed foods, adversely affecting cognitive and productive capacities in workers who have long working hours. Objectives: To determine the dietary habits and body composition of workers aged 18 to 52 years at the "Vista Pacífico" Urbanization site in Santa Elena province during the period from June to August 2024. Methodology: This research utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional approach with a descriptive and observational scope. The study population consisted of 130 workers at the "Vista Pacífico" Urbanization site in Ayangue, Santa Elena. The sample comprised 54 individuals who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The findings reveal a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity, affecting 44% of the workers. Regarding body fat mass, 48% of the study participants fall into the very high category. However, 76% of the workers have normal visceral fat levels, ranging from 1-12%. Concerning dietary habits, there is high consumption of cereals and fast food, which could be related to the excess body mass indicated by overweight. Moderate consumption of legumes, proteins, oils, pastries, fried foods, soft drinks, and coffee is observed, while fruit, vegetables, dairy, snacks, and canned foods are consumed in lower amounts. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that workers at the "Vista Pacífico" Urbanization site have a BMI indicating overweight, with less than half presenting elevated body fat percentage but more than half showing stable visceral fat levels. Additionally, there is a need to increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, and greens, while ABSTRACTXVIII reducing fast food consumption and moderating intake of pastries and soft drinks.