Prevalencia de flora bacteriana en biofilm supragingival de pacientes hipertensos del Centro de Salud #3.

Abstract

Introduction: The association between periodontal disease and hypertension can be explained through various pathophysiological mechanisms. Oxidative stress also plays a significant role in this association. In patients with periodontal disease, the imbalance between the production and inactivation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the destruction of periodontal tissue and negatively affects the systemic oxidative status. The systemic inflammatory response and bacteremia induced by periodontal pathogens are additiona factors linking periodontal disease with hypertension. Regarding the oral microbiota, it plays a crucial role in regulation blood pressure through the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial flora in the supragingival biofilm in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients with periodontal disease at Health Center #3, District 09D001. Materials and Methods: A descriptiveobservational cross-sectional study with quantitative approach was conducted. Deductive method. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI), patient medical history, and laboratory tests were used to measure the type of bacterial flora present in the participants’ supragingival biofilm. Results: Streptococcus was the most common, found in 40% of cases (N=8). Actinomyces was found in 25% (N=5), Staphylococcus aureus in 15% (N=3), and both Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus albus in 10% each (N=2). A significant association was found between hypertension and the type of bacterial flora (0.041). Conclusions: The study reveals that the bacterial flora in the supragingival biofilm of hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients shows variable prevalence, with certain bacterial genera being more prevalent in hypertensive patients.