Prevalencia de leucemia linfoblástica en pacientes que acuden al área de hematología del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Lymphoblastic leukemia affects the bone marrow and blood, and manifests itself through symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and bleeding. Based on observations made on this pathology in an institution, it was possible to show that there is an increase in users with this diagnosis, in relation to this we formulated the following: Objective: To determine the prevalence of lymphoblastic leukemia in patients who go to the hematology area of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital in Guayaquil. Methodological Design: Study with a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective and crosssectional approach. Population: 400 patients. Sample: 100 patients. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation guide. Results: According to the sociodemographic characteristics: it occurred in the male sex with (63%), age from 18 to 27 years (29%), urban residence (90%), secondary education level (82%), who present as a personal pathological history genetic disease (40%). Manifestations: asthenia (32%) and epistaxis (34%). Genetic risk factor: hereditary syndromes (36%) and Chemical risk factor: chemotherapy. Discussion: Carrera et al. (13) report a prevalence of 57% of cases of lymphoblastic leukemia at the Eugenio Espejo Hospital between 2018 and 2021, mainly in men. On the other hand, Kassahun et al. (14) indicate a prevalence of 9.3% in 2020, also with male predominance. Conclusion: At the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital, a lymphoblastic prevalence was shown in the male sex over 68 years of age.