Efectividad de la fibrinólisis en ictus isquémico en los pacientes del Hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, desde el año 2020 al 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide, with a major impact on public health. Fibrinolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective treatment for stroke, if administered in time. Methodology: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fibrinolysis in patients with acute cerebral infarction at the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital in the period 2020 to 2023. It is descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional and observational, in which two groups were studied, according to the administration of fibrinolysis. Data collection was carried out through medical records reviewed in the AS400 system, and analyzed with IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: The study included 92 patients with ischemic stroke treated at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Of these, 46 received fibrinolytic therapy versus 46 who did not. Among those who received the therapy, the majority were between 50 and 69 years old (60.8%), with men predominating (54.3%), with arterial hypertension as the most common comorbidity (67.4%). On admission, 69.6% had moderate neurological deficit. After treatment, 32.5% showed mild deficit and 24% had no deficit. The most frequent post- fibrinolysis complications were hypotension (19.6%), cerebral edema (10.9%), and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (6.5%). Among patients who did not receive fibrinolysis, those over 60 years of age predominated (71.8%), and most were men (84.8%). Hypertension was frequent in both groups (74.8%), Diabetes Mellitus was more frequent in non-fibrinolytic patients (41.3%) and 13% of these had a previous stroke. The initial neurological deficit showed improvements after treatment with fibrinolysis. Conclusion: Fibrinolysis was effective in patients with acute cerebral infarction, evidenced by the decrease in the NIHSS score after treatment.