Prevalencia de patologías detectadas en el tamizaje metabólico neonatal en pacientes atendidos en la Zona de Salud 8 desde el 2018 a 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal metabolic screening, commonly known as heel prick test, has positioned itself as an important tool for the timely identification of several metabolic diseases in newborns, such as congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, galactosemia and phenylketonuria. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of pathologies detected in the neonatal metabolic screening in the Zonal Health Coordination 8 during the period 2018 to 2023. Methodology: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 62 patients who were within the inclusion criteria in the review of medical records provided by the Health Center. Results: 45.16% of the cases were in women and 54.84% in men. 41.94% of the cases were detected on days 0-15 of life and 58.06% on days 16- 28. 20.97% of cases corresponded to premature infants. 16.13% of cases occurred during 2018, 33.87% during 2019, 14.52% in 2020, 12.9% of cases in 2021, 4.84% of cases in 2022 and 17.74% of cases in 2023. Hypothyroidism was the most frequent pathology detected with a total of 67.74% of cases reported. Only 4.84% of the cases presented disability. Conclusion: The most frequent disease detected in the screening is hypothyroidism, with proper treatment over the years, the child has a better quality of life.