Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de neumonía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad en menores de 5 años hospitalizados. Hospital Alcívar. 2021 - 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute respiratory tract infection is the main cause of consultations in pediatric emergency rooms, with a significant proportion of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This disease is one of the main causes of childhood death. The clinical characterization and study of CAP are crucial to improve treatment and prevention, adapting therapeutic options and avoiding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Objective: To identify the clinical epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in children under 5 years of age hospitalized at Alcivar Hospital in the period 2021-2023. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional research in a population of 100 children aged 1 to 5 years with pneumonia. Results: The majority of patients with communityacquired pneumonia are males (56%) aged 2.62 years, most frequently in the 3 to 4 years group (56%). The main symptoms are cough (92%), fever (91%) and rhinorrhea (65%). The mean score on the PRESS scale is 1.32, with mild pneumonia in 60% of cases. The average hospital stay is 5.19 days. The predominant radiographic pattern is interstitial (45%). The most common microorganisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%) and Staphylococcus aureus (31%), with resistant strains in 9% and 8%, respectively. Conclusion: Community-acquired pneumonia mainly affects boys aged 3 to 4 years, with predominant symptoms of cough and fever. Most have mild pneumonia and treatment requires adjustments due to resistant microorganisms.