Caracterización del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en mujeres de edad fértil en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2020-2023.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome or also known by its acronym PCOS is one of the most common hormonal pathologies in women of childbearing age, the etiology of this syndrome is unknown however it is classified as a multifactorial entity that is clinically characterized by disorders such as prolonged menstrual disorders, hirsutism, infertility, obesity, insulin resistance among others. According to the WHO more than 116 million women suffer from PCOS, in women of childbearing age this is a disorder with a high prevalence being 4% to 10%. In Ecuador, few studies have been carried out on the subject, in 2017 a study was carried out where a population of 153,628 women between 20 and 69 years old was taken to determine risk factors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome where an incidence of 13.3% of this pathology was found, as well as the average was 36 years. OBJECTIVES: To characterize polycystic ovary syndrome in women of childbearing age at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from 2020-2023. METHODOLOGY: The research design was cross-sectional, observational, retrospective and descriptive. RESULTS: Of the 268 patients, the average age was 33 years, mean BMI 30, corresponding to type I obesity. The most frequent phenotype was the type "A" phenotype with 38%, followed by the "D" phenotype with 28%. The most frequent clinical manifestation was oligoanovulation with 69.4% of cases, hyperandrogenism with 59.6%, amenorrhea with 34.35%, and isolated hirsutism, found in 9% of cases. Obesity occurred in 69.4% of women, followed by dyslipidemia with 39.2%. 45.14% of patients have infertility, and 25.37% have had at least 1 abortion. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the main risk factor for the development of PCOS was obesity with a prevalence of 64.9% of patients. The most frequent clinical manifestation was oligomenorrhea with 69.4%, then hyperandrogenism with 59.6%, then amenorrhea with 34.35% and hirsutism with 9%. The most common phenotype was phenotype A with 38% of cases followed by phenotype D with 28.35% of cases. Likewise, we found as complications infertility in 45.14% of patients and abortions in 25.8% of the total cases.